Holistic Approach in Cases of irritable Bowel Syndrome

Case Report | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2641-5194/034

Holistic Approach in Cases of irritable Bowel Syndrome

  • Hayriye Alp 1*

Necmettin Erbakan University, GETAT CENTER, Konya, Turkey.

*Corresponding Author: Hayriye Alp, Necmettin Erbakan University, GETAT CENTER, Konya, Turkey.

Citation: Hayriye Alp (2021) Holistic Approach in Cases of İrritable Bowel Syndrome. J. Gastroenterology Pancreatology and Hepatobilary Disorders. 5(3) DOI: 10.31579/2641-5194/034

Copyright: © 2021, Hayriye Alp, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Received: 01 June 2021 | Accepted: 05 June 2021 | Published: 15 June 2021

Keywords: ınflammatory bowel diseases ; ıbd; regulatory medicine; gut

Abstract

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), which starts with intestinal inflammation and mucosal tissue damage, progresses with an impaired immune response, causes intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, whose etiology is unknown, and which systemic chronic diseases that significantly affect their quality of life. Diseases. The mainstay of treatment in IBD is the elimination of symptoms, remission is achieved by mucosal healing, maintenance of remission and prevention of recurrence.The aim of treatment in IBD is to improve clinical laboratory, mucosal and quality of life. Conventional treatment for the disease.It is not sufficient to correct related complications. Therefore, new treatment modalities should be initiated as early as possible.

From a modern medical perspective, inflammatory bowel diseases are nowadays often referred to as autoimmune diseases.It is accepted. To find the right individual remedy, inflamed bowel It is also important to look at possible causes of the disease. Because In the Regulatory Medicine approach, holistic healing is by eliminating the causes, not by suppressing or treating the symptoms best done by removing.

Introductıon

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), which starts with intestinal inflammation and mucosal tissue damage, progresses with an impaired immune response, causes intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, whose etiology is unknown, and which systemic chronic diseases that significantly affect their quality of life diseases [1, 2, 3].

The pathogenesis of IBD is multifactorial and still not fully explained [1]. The mechanism of tissue damage and better understanding of molecular mediators in the pathogenesis of the disease genetic, infectious, immunological and inflammatory showed that factors are important (2). inflammatory bowel disease abdominal pain, diarrhea, stool blood, weight loss, and even chronic fatigue. Diarrhea may be bloody, sticky, or both. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD); It is a common chronic gastrointestinal system that starts with intestinal inflammation and mucosal tissue damage, progresses with an impaired immune response, causing intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms disease [4].

The mainstay of treatment in IBD is the elimination of symptoms, Remission is achieved by mucosal healing, maintenance of remission and prevention of recurrence.The aim of treatment in IBD is to improve clinical laboratory, mucosal and quality of life. Conventional treatment for the disease.It is not sufficient to correct related complications. Therefore, new treatment modalities should be initiated as early as possible.

From a modern medical perspective, inflammatory bowel diseases are nowadays often referred to as autoimmune diseases.It is accepted. This means: some of the immune system parts of it to the body's own tissue, in this case the gut attacks the mucosa/intestinal wall.

Many autoimmune diseases may occur due to the deterioration of the intestinal wall integrity. In this study, we opened the changes observed when we added the holistic approaches followed in cases with impaired intestinal integrity to the conventional treatment of the patient.

Case1

43Years old female.there are diabetes mellitus, hepatostetosis ,kolesistectomy(2003) operation in her history .she uses diaformin and levothyron 2*1.her mother diabetes,her father cancer. Hb 11,3mg/dl,WBC 12,3Ig E 9,8.TSH 2,43mu/l.Glucose 95, ürea 26, creat 0.5mg/dl,SGOT 17,SGPT 16U/L

Livex tb 2*1(Silimarin+dandelion),probiotic, olive leaf,and homeopathic helidonia c200, chel majus  c30 2*1 was started.

Case 2

49 Years old female. Konstipation,distansion ,pain for 7-8 years.ürea 17,creat 0,17,Na 147,K 4,5 Mg 2,18, SGOT 9,6,SGPT 9,6, TSH 4,41 .Okubaca 30, nux vomica c30 2*1 was started.

Case 3 42 years old female.obesity BMI 30,9, Long 170,kg 89,2,adipose tissue %40.3 BMR 1626, Hashimato tiroiditis;TSH 1,28,HbA1c 5,5 glucose 85, CA 9,74, creat 0,84, SGOT 14,4, SGPT 37, Ürea 2,7 B12 358, Diet(1400 cal),acupunctrue and homeopathic graphites c30, thyroiodinum c30 was started.

Case 3

35 Years old female obesity and diabetes mellitus. Glucose 172,cholesterol 141, TG 131, HbA1c 11,1, B12 781, Mg 2,42, D vit 14,82, Hb 12.acupuncture and diet(1400cal), livex tb 2*1, olive leaf, alfa alfa was started.

Case 4

31 Years old female.obesity, insüline rezistanse and cervical disc hernia pain VAS 9, (Neuropathic pain ) timoma and brain bleeding operation in her history.glucose 85,Na 142, K 4,5 Ca 9,78, TG 167, Total cholest 267, d vit 22,43, GGT 59. Metil cobalamin and magnesium glisinat was started. Acupuncture is made.

Case 5

40 Years old male. İrritable gut syndrome for 2013.acupuncture and gaps diet are given. Phosfor c200, merc suhubic c200 ,acid carb d6 was started.

Case 6

60 years old female gastritis,hypertansion and cervikal disc hernia. Cholesistectomy, TAH+BSO , Eye operation in her history. Hypericum c200, rhus tox c30(hernia) okubaka c30 (gastritis), magnesium glisinat was started.

Case 7

29 years old female.fibromyalgia, systemic lupus erytematozis and gluten intoleras.VAS 8. Glukose 131,Mg 2,19, ferritine 6,3, B12 480, d vit 23,6 gaps diet ,wet-cupping and homeopathic rhus tox c30 hyper c 30 passıflora c30 2*1 d vitamine and methy cobalamin 1*1 was started. VAS 2:3

Case 8

42 Years old male. Diare with blood 30 times in day. Cholesterol 242, TG 220,ÜREA 26, CREAT 0,8, Hb 15,Ferrum 46, ferim bindin capacite 296,GAPS diet and Ozone therapy infused. In 3.session 4 times in day diare.

Case 9

44 years old male.120kg,176cm,hepatosteatozis, glukose 75, ürea 26,7, creat 26, Hb 16.diet(1400 cal) acupuncture and livex tb 2*1(silimarin+dandelion+Thistle) was started.

Case 10

38 Years old female .obesity.BMI 36.5,KG 97,Long 163cm,creat 0,92, TSH 0,1, t3 7,6,Hb13,T4 1,41,diet,  and acupuncture started. BMI 234.5 KG 2 91,6

Case 11

48 Years old female irritable gut syndrome, fibromyalgia, and breast cancer,cesearian (2003), mastectomy (2018), hysterectomy (2019), cist hidatic operation(2019) in her history.she use tamoxifen . GAPS Diet , 5 seans ozone therapy and homeopathic phytolacca c200 2*1 was started.patient was relaxed.

Result

The Regulatory Medicine approach and holistic measures can often alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease and prolong the symptom-free phases so that it is always they must be used together. In some cases, patients may be permanently injured, especially in combination .Became asymptomatic, which can be defined as cured [6, 7].

To find the right individual remedy, inflamed bowel It is also important to look at possible causes of the disease. Because In the Regulatory Medicine approach, holistic healing is by eliminating the causes, not by suppressing or treating the symptoms best done by removing.

Discussion

In a 2017 study (5), the gut-brain joint was mentioned in connection with inflammatory bowel disease. Intestine-brain axis, brain and digestive systemis the link between Therefore, both body parts where they can exchange information and at the same time .There is a possibility of communication that can be “infected”. In this way, mental While stress causes gastrointestinal problems and intestinal flora disorders, conversely, inflammatory processes in the gut can affect the brain and cause depression there.

Antibiotics (AB) are still prescribed. However, antibiotics change the environment in the intestine very negatively. They can destroy the intestinal flora and, especially in children, they can also damage the intestinal mucosa in adults as well as in adults.

If the intestinal mucosa becomes partially permeable, it is called leaky gut syndrome. Here is the gut

The cavities in the mucosa allow incompletely digested proteins to enter the bloodstream and reach the lymphatic system. There, initially with small foci of inflammation harmful substances that trigger some type of allergic reaction (the so-called are known as antigens (6,7).

Tooth decay, indirectly the development of autoimmune diseases (eg, when dental fillings containing mercury are used and the subject is exposed to mercury) (8).

A 2015 study showed in this context: The higher a person's exposure to mercury, the more blood they have. The more autoantibodies circulate and the risk of autoimmune disease as high as it gets. This is why you should avoid amalgam (mercury-containing material for fillings) and protect yourself from mercury, especially if you already have inflammatory bowel disease or have a family history of it.

Vitamin D deficiency is now common in chronic diseases, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease found. A 2013 Danish study compared 182 patients with Crohn's to 62 healthy patients. The healthy group clearly differed from the patients had higher levels of vitamin D. Also the patient the stronger the symptoms in the group, the lower the vitamin D level.

It can also be seen that it is lower [9]

IBD patients often suffer from vitamin C deficiency (hair loss).

Hair loss, dry hair, brittle nails, inflammation of the gums, etc.) (6, 10). One in 1990

The study also showed that vitamin C (1 g per day) improved the function of T cells (11). Especially in autoimmune diseases, the balance of various T cells is disturbed, thus C may have a regulating effect. Therefore, if you have inflammatory bowel disease, vitamin and to determine your mineral values and find the missing items. It is very important to take it with food supplements [6].

Thanks to curcumin, positive effects have also been found in human studies: For example, in a small study from 2005, 1,100 mg of curcumin per day for the first month in ulcerative colitis patients and after taking 1,650, the disease exacerbation improved within two months. mg curcumin in the second month [12].

Resveratrol is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory herb.

Is the item. In 2010, in rats, resveratrol not only ameliorated intestinal inflammation, but also increased colonic inflammation.

It has also been shown to reduce the risk of cancer. Without resveratrol, 80% of rats had long-term symptoms due to intestinal inflammation developed colon cancer in the term; only 20% with resveratrol was [13].

To regulate these disorders, probiotics (beneficial bacterial strains found in healthy intestinal flora) are commonly used.

Recommendations for its use, however, for chronic inflammatory bowel not possible in case of illness. Because it's so different

There are many different probiotic preparations with compositions and each bacterial strain or combination of bacteria.

It may work quite differently - possibly depending on the patient's current condition and the existing gut flora [6]. Zeolite is a mineral soil that detoxifies, regenerates and is friendly to intestinal flora. Due to the porous structure of zeolite crystals, mineral soil also absorbs excess water. absorbs and therefore is effective against diarrhea.

A study conducted by the Medical University of Graz in 2015.

From the study [14] it was found that after 12 weeks 1.85 g of zeolite per day could increase the permeability of the intestinal barrier and therefore shown to have a mild anti-inflammatory effect. A study conducted in 2020, eg. For example, in confectionery, dips, soft drinks, etc. frequent consumption of fructose (fruit and sugar) chronic inflammatory processes in the gut and this is certainly the case for fast food and finished products is one of the causes of harm [15]

The first study in 2015 found that 0.1% of the daily ration of OPC in rats resulted in TNF-α after 12 weeks reduces the level of intestinal barrier permeability found that it reduces and supports the regeneration of the intestinal mucosa [16]. A new approach and paradigm shift is needed to be successful in treatment. a cause of IBD approach is essential. The main approach is the enteric nervous system, VSS, in addition to sympathetic loading, with loading of connective tissue together with nutrition, exercise, stress management, herbal medicine and should include self-help strategies.

Homeopathy, a natural remedy that has been used widely all over the world for 200 years system. It has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the second largest treatment method used worldwide. Although it is the most popular form of treatment in India and South America, it is also used by over 30 million people in Europe and millions of other people around the world (17). Homoopathy treats the human as the mind, emotion and physical body. This is the breakdown in the system

Conclusion

Results in taking initial measures to alleviate chronic inflammatory bowel disease, namely:

 Good stress management

 Avoid things that may harm the intestinal flora or intestinal mucosa (unhealthy diet, alcohol, sweets, cigarettes, antibiotics, etc.)

 Avoid plasticizers

 Take vitamin C and vitamin D as needed

 Check for and correct nutrient deficiencies

 Check for possible mercury contamination and remove mercury (or other heavy metals) if necessary; a tooth

Consult your physician (for amalgam fillings) and/or your GP.

References

Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.

img

Virginia E. Koenig

Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.

img

Delcio G Silva Junior

Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.

img

Ziemlé Clément Méda

Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.

img

Mina Sherif Soliman Georgy

We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.

img

Layla Shojaie

The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.

img

Sing-yung Wu

Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.

img

Orlando Villarreal

Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.

img

Katarzyna Byczkowska

Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.

img

Anthony Kodzo-Grey Venyo

Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.

img

Pedro Marques Gomes

Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.

img

Bernard Terkimbi Utoo

This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.

img

Prof Sherif W Mansour

Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.

img

Hao Jiang

As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.

img

Dr Shiming Tang

Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.

img

Raed Mualem

International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.

img

Andreas Filippaios

Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.

img

Dr Suramya Dhamija

Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.

img

Bruno Chauffert

I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!

img

Baheci Selen

"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".

img

Jesus Simal-Gandara

I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.

img

Douglas Miyazaki

We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.

img

Dr Griffith

I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.

img

Dr Tong Ming Liu

I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.

img

Husain Taha Radhi

I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.

img

S Munshi

Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.

img

Tania Munoz

“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.

img

George Varvatsoulias

Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.

img

Rui Tao

Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.

img

Khurram Arshad