AUCTORES
Globalize your Research
Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2641-0419/261
1 Assistant professor of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Nile Valley University- Atbara, Sudan.
2 Assistant professor of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Nile Valley University- Atbara, Sudan.
3 Assistant professor of hematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Al Fashir, Sudan.
4 Assistant professor of Dermatology, Ministry of health, Khartoum State, Sudan.
5 Associate professor of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sinnar University, Sinnar State, Sudan.
*Corresponding Author: Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abderahman, Assistant professor of Biochemistry, Nile Valley University, Faculty of Medicine- Atbara, Sudan.
Citation: Mohammed Abderahman NA, Ibrahim Ahmed MA, Abdelrahman Adam NK, Mohamed Abderahman MA, Mohamed Ismaeil AM. (2022). Gender as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease in type 2 Diabetes-Sudan. J. Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, 5(5); Doi:10.31579/2641-0419/261
Copyright: © 2022 Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abderahman, This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 07 April 2022 | Accepted: 25 April 2022 | Published: 29 April 2022
Keywords: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; cardiovascular disease; dyslipidemia; Sudan
OBJECTIVES: Researchers intended to see if there was a link between gender and an increased risk of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Sudanese people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and lipid profiles as well as blood pressure.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: During the period of April 2012 and March 2013, a case-control study was conducted in Central Sudan. The study involved 300 people who met the inclusion criteria, who were divided equally into diabetes, diabetic hypertension, and non-diabetic non hypertensive (NDNH) groups to estimate FPG, HbA1C, and lipid profile levels (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG). A15, a random access auto-analyzer bio system, was used to analyze the samples. A questionnaire was completed, which included personal information, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. After each respondent gave verbal consent, venous blood was drawn after an overnight fast. The statistical analysis was done with the help of a statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 16, Chicago, IL, USA).
RESULT: In the women's group, statistically significant differences in anthropometric measurements (WC =0.017, BMI =0.004, SBP <0.0001, DBP=0.029) and biochemical measurements (FPG <0.0001, HbA1C =0.007, HDL-C=0.027) were discovered when the means were compared. When the mean HDL-C values of diabetic and diabetic hypertensive women were compared, there was a significant rise of 0.029. Men, on the other hand, had statistically significant disparities in anthropometric parameters, with WC=0.001, BMI <0.0001, and SBP <0.0001. FPG showed a significant increase of <0.0001, whereas HbA1C mean in diabetes and diabetic hypertensive patients showed poor management with no significant increase (0.615). HDL-C had a modestly high mean (0.089), while DBP had a non-significant increase (0.172).
CONCLUSION: Diabetic and diabetic hypertensive women were at increased risk of dyslipidemia and CVD.
DM is a group of metabolic disorders with multiple etiologies that are characterized by chronic hyperglycemia caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both, as well as disturbances in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, resulting in long-term organ damage, dysfunction, and failure. Thirst, polyuria, blurred vision, and weight loss are all symptoms of diabetes mellitus. Ketoacidosis or a non-ketotic hyperosmolar condition might occur in the most severe cases, resulting in stupor and coma (Alberti and Zimmet, 1998). The global prevalence of DM was estimated to be 8.8% among adults aged 20-79 years, (Zinman, 2015); 7.0% for male, 8.1% for female and 7.5% for both sex (Islam, et al., 2014). T2DM will overtake obesity as the major cause of disease burden in men and the second greatest cause in women by 2023. (Goss, 2008).
Hyperglycemia, which induced by high FPG or high postprandial plasma glucose (PPG), has major immediate consequences, including endocrine emergencies, and is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus along with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) (Umpierrez G and Korytkowski M, 2016). Furthermore, chronic hyperglycemia is a significant risk factor for the development of microvascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, which are caused by damage to small vessels within the microcirculation of the kidney, retina, and neurons.
Besides that, macrovascular complications, such as CVD, are caused by damage to large vessels (Orasanu G and Plutzky J, 2009). Macrovascular disease affects 40% of newly diagnosed T2DM patients (Laakso, 2001), and it is responsible for 80% of all premature illness and death due to an elevated risk of CVD (Turner and Holman, 1996). When compared to people without diabetes, T2DM is responsible for a 2 to 4 fold increase in vascular problems (Assmann and Schulte, 1988). According to Islam et al. (2014), 50% of T2DM patients die from cardiovascular complications, while high blood pressure is responsible for 75% of specific cardiovascular issues (Bild and Teutsch, 1987; Sowers, et al., 2001). Diabetics with CVD have a 3-fold greater mortality rate than the overall population (Sowers, et al., 2001). CVD is one of the metabolic syndrome, which is defined as a group of metabolic diseases that includes glucose intolerance, T2DM, atherogenic dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, Hypertension (HTN), and central obesity (Expert Panel on Detection and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in, 2001). These abnormalities occur in the same individual and cause a multiple set of risk factors that commonly appear to interact (Sattar, et al., 2003).
The presence of three or more of the following metabolic disorders meets the criteria for the metabolic syndrome: abdominal obesity (WC >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women), hypertriglyceridemia (TG >150 mg/dL), low HDL-C levels (HDL-C < 40>130 mmHg, DBP >85 mmHg), and FPG >110 mg/dL are all risk factors for CVD (Matthews, et al., 1985). As a result, T2DM patients exhibit metabolic abnormalities in lipoprotein quality and quantity, which are linked to an elevated risk of cardiovascular problems and chronic heart disease (Assmann and Schulte, 1988).
STUDY SUBJECT, DESIGN AND AREA:
300 persons of both genders participated in a cross-sectional case-control study. There were 222 female participants and 78 male participants in this study. A total of 200 patients with type 2 diabetes were found, with the diabetic and diabetic hypertensive groups being split equally. Non-diabetic, non-hypertensive volunteers made up the remaining group (NDNH). The participants came from both rural and urban locations in the Wad Madani city district, and they were treated at the Abu A'gla health center. The research lasted from April 2012 through March 2013.
INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
Participants who did not have a current infection or diabetic problems were included in the trial. NDNH persons who agreed to participate were enrolled in the study. If a subject did not match any of the inclusion criteria, they were removed from the study.
ETHICAL APPROVAL:
The Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health granted ethical permission for the study.
After informed consent, all patients and NDNH participants provide their personal data and anthropometric measurements, (weight was measured in kilograms (kg) and heights in meters (m), and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated using the formula: BMI = (weight in kg)/(height in m)2 (Ng M, 2014). Using the A15, a random access auto-analyzer bio system, plasma samples were evaluated for various biochemical parameters.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:
The statistical analysis was done with the help of a statistical software for social sciences (SPSS version 16, Chicago, IL, USA). The mean and standard error of the mean were used to express all of the numerical data. The proportion of distribution of study participants was calculated using the Chi-square test. Analysis of variance was used to compare differences in the means of continuous variables between the research groups (ANOVA). To compare differences between the study groups, multiple comparisons (post hoc tests such as Tukey HSD, Gabriel test, and Games Howell) were performed. P-values of 0.05 or less (p<0>
The participants in this study were separated into three groups: diabetes, diabetic hypertensive, and NDNH as a control group. Men made up 78 participants (26 percent) of the general study sample, while women made up 222 participants (74 percent ). The participants age ranged from 22 to 65 years old. The group with the highest mean weight, WC, BMI, SBP, and DBP (80.28kg, 104.14cm, 31.65kg/m2, 128.10mmHg, and 81.40mmHg, respectively) was the diabetic hypertensive group (Table1).
Variable | Diabetic (n=100) | Diabetic-hypertensive (n=100) | NDNH (n=100) |
Gender (men/ women) | 26 /74 | 21/79 | 31 /69 |
Age (years) | 49.67±0.71 | 56.17±0.72 | 46.74±0.78 |
Weight (kg) | 79.95±1.69 | 80.28±1.42 | 72.51±1.38 |
WC (cm) | 98.69±1.15 | 104.14±1.10 | 98.15±1.07 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 30.36±0.58 | 31.65±0.59 | 27.54±0.55 |
SBP (mmHg) | 118.60±0.80 | 128.10±1.43 | 114.30±1.32 |
DBP(mmHg) | 76.70±0.71 | 81.40±0.93 | 82.00±1.95 |
Duration of DM (years) | 4.75±0.41 | 7.18±0.62 | - |
Duration of HTN (years) | - | 5.78±0.57 | - |
WC=waist circumference; BMI=body mass index, Cm=centimeter, Kg=kilogram, m= meter, SBP= Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP= Diastolic Blood Pressure; mmHg= millimeter of mercury, DM=Diabetes mellitus, HTN= Hypertension
Table 1: The general characteristics of anthropometric and biochemical measurements of the study groups
Variable | Subgroup | |||
Diabetic (n=74) | Diabetic-hypertensive (n=79) | NDNH (n=69) | p-value | |
Age (years) | 48.92±0.79 | 55.44±0.81 | 46.48±0.86 | <0> |
WC (cm) | 99.03±1.33 | 103.99±1.19 | 100.65±1.26 | 0.017 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 30.78±0.62 | 32.22±0.65 | 29.09±0.68 | 0.004 |
SBP (mmHg) | 118.65±0.90 | 126.46±1.45 | 114.64±1.63 | <0> |
DBP (mmHg) | 77.03±0.83 | 81.14±1.10 | 82.90±2.48 | 0.029 |
Duration of DM (years) | 5.08±0.51 | 6.37±0.68 | - | 0.137 |
Duration of HTN (years) | - | 6.01±0.68 | - | - |
FPG (mg/dL) | 215.34±10.97 | 165.81±7.42 | 87.57±2.13 | <0> |
HbA1C (%) | 8.38±0.31 | 7.3506±0.22 | - | 0.007 |
TC (mg/dL) | 197.42±4.95 | 192.32±4.69 | 200.33±5.86 | 0.535 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 105.45±3.51 | 111.05±3.36 | 107.62±4.10 | 0.537 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.68±1.85 | 51.13±1.58 | 57.97±2.12 | 0.027 |
TG (mg/dL) | 173.62±10.35 | 162.96±8.58 | 149.19±9.44 | 0.203 |
WC=waist circumference; BMI=body mass index, Cm=centimeter, Kg=kilogram, m= meter, SBP= Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP= Diastolic Blood Pressure; mmHg= millimeter of mercury, DM=Diabetes mellitus, HTN= Hypertension FPG=fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C=Glycosylated Hemoglobin, TC=total cholesterol, LDL-C=low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C=high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG=tri-glycerides, mg=milligram; dL=deciliter.
Table 2: Comparison of mean of anthropometric and biochemical parameter in the women groups (n=222)
In the men's group, mean comparisons indicated statistically significant differences in anthropometric parameters (age, WC and BMI), and biochemical measurement FPG as well as marginal significance difference in HDL-C in addition to SBP and DBP in men's group (Table 3).
Variable | Sub-group | |||
Diabetic (n=26) | Diabetic-hypertensive (n=21) | NDNH (n=27) | p-value | |
Age (years) | 51.81±1.51 | 58.90±1.46 | 47.32±1.64 | <0> |
WC (cm) | 97.73±2.33 | 104.71± 2.71 | 92.58 ±1.64 | 0.001 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 29.19±1.37 | 29.53±1.32 | 24.08±0.53 | <0> |
SBP (mmHg) | 118.46±1.73 | 134.29±3.88 | 113.55±2.25 | <0> |
DBP (mmHg) | 75.77±1.38 | 82.38±1.68 | 80.00±3.08 | 0.172 |
Duration of DM (years) | 3.82±0.57 | 10.24±1.38 | - | <0> |
Duration of HTN (years) | - | ±6.671.09 | - | - |
FPG (mg/dL) | 215.31±22.45 | 160.19±15.29 | 94.68±6.10 | <0> |
HbA1C (%) | 8.12±0.67 | 7.67±0.55 | - | 0.615 |
TC (mg/dL) | 188.31±7.09 | 180.24±11.38 | 191.23±6.25 | 0.626 |
LDL-C (mg/dL) | 100.46±4.50 | 101.43±5.93 | 106.77±4.17 | 0.575 |
HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.15±3.25 | 44.48±3.00 | 50.03±2.48 | 0.089 |
TG (mg/dL) | 169.81±15.33 | 150.70±13.55 | 141.23±13.71 | 0.340 |
WC=waist circumference; BMI=body mass index, Cm=centimeter, Kg=kilogram, m= meter, SBP= Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP= Diastolic Blood Pressure; mmHg= millimeter of mercury, DM=Diabetes mellitus, HTN= Hypertension FPG=fasting plasma glucose, HbA1C=Glycosylated Hemoglobin, TC=total cholesterol, LDL-C=low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C=high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG=tri-glycerides, mg=milligram; dL=deciliter.
Table 3: Comparison of mean of anthropometric and biochemical parameter in the men groups(n=78):
In the women's group, Post Hoc test revealed a significant difference in WC between the diabetes and diabetic hypertensive groups (p=0.017). The NDNH group varied considerably from the diabetic hypertensive group in terms of mean BMI (p=0.003). FPG was significantly different between the diabetic hypertensive and the NDNH groups (p=0.001), as well as between the diabetic and the NDNH groups (p<0 p=0.029)>
| Group | Diabetic (n=74) | Diabetic hypertensive (n=79) | Diabetic hypertensive (n=79) | ||||||
| Compared with | NDNH (n=69) | NDNH (n=69) | diabetic (n=74) | ||||||
| Variable | Mean Diff | SE | p-value | Mean Diff | SE | p-value | Mean Diff | SE | p-value |
WC (cm)† | -1.63 | 1.83 | 0.650 | 3.34 | 1.74 | 0.137 | 4.96 | 1.79 | 0.017 |
BMI (Kg/m2)† | 1.69 | 0.92 | 0.165 | 3.13 | 0.94 | 0.003 | 1.44 | 0.90 | 0.249 |
FPG (mg/dl)§ | 127.77 | 11.18 | <0> | 78.24 | 7.720 | <0> | -49.53 | 13.24 | 0.001 |
TC (mg/dl)† | -2.91 | 7.41 | 0.971 | -8.02 | 7.29 | 0.614 | -5.10 | 7.16 | 0.856 |
LDL-C (mg/dl)† | -2.18 | 5.25 | 0.967 | 3.43 | 5.16 | 0.880 | 5.60 | 5.07 | 0.610 |
HDL-C (mg/dl)† | -5.30 | 2.82 | 0.149 | -6.84 | 2.65 | 0.029 | -1.55 | 2.44 | 0.801 |
TG (mg/dl)‡ | 24.43 | 13.65 | 0.208 | 13.77 | 13.31 | 0.659 | -10.66 | 13.16 | 0.803 |
WC=waist circumference; BMI=body mass index, Cm=centimeter, Kg=kilogram, m= meter, FPG=fasting plasma glucose, TC=total cholesterol, LDL-C=low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C=high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG=tri-glycerides, mg=milligram; dL=deciliter, †= Tukey HSD; ‡=Gabriel test; §=Games Howell
Table 4: Post hoc analysis in the women group
In the men's group, Post Hoc test revealed a significant difference in mean BMI between the NDNH group and each of the diabetic (p=0.004) and diabetic hypertensive (p=0.002) groups, beside significant difference in WC between diabetic and NDNH group (0.001) . FPG was significantly different between the NDNH group and each of the diabetic hypertensive (p<0 p=0.001)>
| Group | Diabetic(n=26) | Diabetic hypertensive(n=21) | Diabetic hypertensive(n=21) | ||||||
| Compared with | NDNH (n=27) | NDNH (n=27) | Diabetic (n=26) | ||||||
| Variable | Mean Diff | SE | p-value | Mean Diff | SE | p-value | Mean Diff | SE | p-value |
WC (cm)† | 5.15 | 2.93 | 0.227 | 12.13 | 3.11 | 0.001 | 6.98 | 3.23 | 0.098 |
BMI (Kg/m2)† | 5.11 | 1.47 | 0.004 | 5.45 | 1.42 | 0.002 | 0.34 | 1.91 | 0.983 |
FPG (mg/dl)§ | 120.63 | 23.26 | <0> | 65.51 | 16.46 | 0.001 | -55.11 | 27.16 | 0.118 |
TC (mg/dl)† | -2.92 | 10.79 | 0.990 | -10.99 | 11.46 | 0.711 | -8.07 | 11.89 | 0.873 |
LDL-C(mg/dl)† | -6.31 | 6.45 | 0.697 | -5.35 | 6.86 | 0.820 | 0.97 | 7.12 | 0.999 |
HDL-C (mg/dl)† | 4.12 | 3.93 | 0.650 | -5.56 | 4.18 | 0.460 | -9.68 | 4.33 | 0.083 |
TG (mg/dl)‡ | 28.57 | 19.48 | 0.376 | 9.47 | 20.99 | 0.958 | -19.11 | 21.63 | 0.759 |
WC=waist circumference; BMI=body mass index, Cm=centimeter, Kg=kilogram, m= meter, FPG=fasting plasma glucose, TC=total cholesterol, LDL-C=low density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C=high density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG=tri-glycerides, mg=milligram; dL=deciliter, †= Tukey HSD; ‡=Gabriel test; §=Games Howell
Table 5: Post hoc analysis in the men group
Women with T2DM, as well as diabetic hypertensive women, were found to be at increased risk for developing dyslipidemia and CVD in a recent study. According to previous study, women are more likely than males to develop diabetes complications indicating that DM is sex-related (Sowers,1998; Aso, et al.,2000). Colin, et al., 2010 reported that diabetics were at an increased risk of dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and lipid problems as they grew older, with higher WC, BMI, and had a family history of HTN in both sexes (Ljungman, et al., 1996), which contradicted our current findings.
Between diabetic hypertensive and NDNH patients, women's HDL-C concentrations were significantly lower in this study. The small variation in the concentration of other lipid profiles was not significant. Men's lipid profiles showed no significant variations across groups, with the exception of HDL-C, which exhibited a marginally significant drop when compared to women; this discrepancy could be related to the research population's varied lifestyles and social habits. These findings contradicted those of (Shahid, et al., 2005), who ensure that male diabetic patients have a higher risk of problems than female diabetic patients. Our findings contradicted those of (Oyewole, et al., 2008; Onmwuliri and Puppet, 2004), who found that sex has no manner on the lipid profile pattern in response to DM. A case-control study conducted in Sudan for lipid profile disorder determinations found that nearly half of 250 diabetic patients male had some lipid profile disorder, with lower mean HDL-C concentration in males than women compared to the NDNH group, indicating that sex is a risk factor for the development of dyslipidemia and CVD, which is consistent with this recent study (Elnasri and Ahmed, 2008).
Diabetic and diabetic hypertensive women were at increased risk of dyslipidemia and CVD.
Dietary restriction and regular exercise are recommended for diabetic patients to reduce their weight, BMI, and WC.
HbA1C and lipid profile must be evaluated on a frequent basis to avoid aggressive DM effects.
Thank you to all of the participants, especially the diabetic patients, for giving their time and expertise to assistance in the completion of this study.
None.
T2DM=Type2 diabetes mellitus; DM=Diabetes mellitus; HTN= Hypertension, CV= Cardiovascular disease; HbA1C=Glycosylated Hemoglobin.
Clearly Auctoresonline and particularly Psychology and Mental Health Care Journal is dedicated to improving health care services for individuals and populations. The editorial boards' ability to efficiently recognize and share the global importance of health literacy with a variety of stakeholders. Auctoresonline publishing platform can be used to facilitate of optimal client-based services and should be added to health care professionals' repertoire of evidence-based health care resources.
Journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Intervention The submission and review process was adequate. However I think that the publication total value should have been enlightened in early fases. Thank you for all.
Journal of Women Health Care and Issues By the present mail, I want to say thank to you and tour colleagues for facilitating my published article. Specially thank you for the peer review process, support from the editorial office. I appreciate positively the quality of your journal.
Journal of Clinical Research and Reports I would be very delighted to submit my testimonial regarding the reviewer board and the editorial office. The reviewer board were accurate and helpful regarding any modifications for my manuscript. And the editorial office were very helpful and supportive in contacting and monitoring with any update and offering help. It was my pleasure to contribute with your promising Journal and I am looking forward for more collaboration.
We would like to thank the Journal of Thoracic Disease and Cardiothoracic Surgery because of the services they provided us for our articles. The peer-review process was done in a very excellent time manner, and the opinions of the reviewers helped us to improve our manuscript further. The editorial office had an outstanding correspondence with us and guided us in many ways. During a hard time of the pandemic that is affecting every one of us tremendously, the editorial office helped us make everything easier for publishing scientific work. Hope for a more scientific relationship with your Journal.
The peer-review process which consisted high quality queries on the paper. I did answer six reviewers’ questions and comments before the paper was accepted. The support from the editorial office is excellent.
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. I had the experience of publishing a research article recently. The whole process was simple from submission to publication. The reviewers made specific and valuable recommendations and corrections that improved the quality of my publication. I strongly recommend this Journal.
Dr. Katarzyna Byczkowska My testimonial covering: "The peer review process is quick and effective. The support from the editorial office is very professional and friendly. Quality of the Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on cardiology that is useful for other professionals in the field.
Thank you most sincerely, with regard to the support you have given in relation to the reviewing process and the processing of my article entitled "Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of The Prostate Gland: A Review and Update" for publication in your esteemed Journal, Journal of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics". The editorial team has been very supportive.
Testimony of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology: work with your Reviews has been a educational and constructive experience. The editorial office were very helpful and supportive. It was a pleasure to contribute to your Journal.
Dr. Bernard Terkimbi Utoo, I am happy to publish my scientific work in Journal of Women Health Care and Issues (JWHCI). The manuscript submission was seamless and peer review process was top notch. I was amazed that 4 reviewers worked on the manuscript which made it a highly technical, standard and excellent quality paper. I appreciate the format and consideration for the APC as well as the speed of publication. It is my pleasure to continue with this scientific relationship with the esteem JWHCI.
This is an acknowledgment for peer reviewers, editorial board of Journal of Clinical Research and Reports. They show a lot of consideration for us as publishers for our research article “Evaluation of the different factors associated with side effects of COVID-19 vaccination on medical students, Mutah university, Al-Karak, Jordan”, in a very professional and easy way. This journal is one of outstanding medical journal.
Dear Hao Jiang, to Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing We greatly appreciate the efficient, professional and rapid processing of our paper by your team. If there is anything else we should do, please do not hesitate to let us know. On behalf of my co-authors, we would like to express our great appreciation to editor and reviewers.
As an author who has recently published in the journal "Brain and Neurological Disorders". I am delighted to provide a testimonial on the peer review process, editorial office support, and the overall quality of the journal. The peer review process at Brain and Neurological Disorders is rigorous and meticulous, ensuring that only high-quality, evidence-based research is published. The reviewers are experts in their fields, and their comments and suggestions were constructive and helped improve the quality of my manuscript. The review process was timely and efficient, with clear communication from the editorial office at each stage. The support from the editorial office was exceptional throughout the entire process. The editorial staff was responsive, professional, and always willing to help. They provided valuable guidance on formatting, structure, and ethical considerations, making the submission process seamless. Moreover, they kept me informed about the status of my manuscript and provided timely updates, which made the process less stressful. The journal Brain and Neurological Disorders is of the highest quality, with a strong focus on publishing cutting-edge research in the field of neurology. The articles published in this journal are well-researched, rigorously peer-reviewed, and written by experts in the field. The journal maintains high standards, ensuring that readers are provided with the most up-to-date and reliable information on brain and neurological disorders. In conclusion, I had a wonderful experience publishing in Brain and Neurological Disorders. The peer review process was thorough, the editorial office provided exceptional support, and the journal's quality is second to none. I would highly recommend this journal to any researcher working in the field of neurology and brain disorders.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, Editorial Coordinator, I trust this message finds you well. I want to extend my appreciation for considering my article for publication in your esteemed journal. I am pleased to provide a testimonial regarding the peer review process and the support received from your editorial office. The peer review process for my paper was carried out in a highly professional and thorough manner. The feedback and comments provided by the authors were constructive and very useful in improving the quality of the manuscript. This rigorous assessment process undoubtedly contributes to the high standards maintained by your journal.
International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. I strongly recommend to consider submitting your work to this high-quality journal. The support and availability of the Editorial staff is outstanding and the review process was both efficient and rigorous.
Thank you very much for publishing my Research Article titled “Comparing Treatment Outcome Of Allergic Rhinitis Patients After Using Fluticasone Nasal Spray And Nasal Douching" in the Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology. As Medical Professionals we are immensely benefited from study of various informative Articles and Papers published in this high quality Journal. I look forward to enriching my knowledge by regular study of the Journal and contribute my future work in the field of ENT through the Journal for use by the medical fraternity. The support from the Editorial office was excellent and very prompt. I also welcome the comments received from the readers of my Research Article.
Dear Erica Kelsey, Editorial Coordinator of Cancer Research and Cellular Therapeutics Our team is very satisfied with the processing of our paper by your journal. That was fast, efficient, rigorous, but without unnecessary complications. We appreciated the very short time between the submission of the paper and its publication on line on your site.
I am very glad to say that the peer review process is very successful and fast and support from the Editorial Office. Therefore, I would like to continue our scientific relationship for a long time. And I especially thank you for your kindly attention towards my article. Have a good day!
"We recently published an article entitled “Influence of beta-Cyclodextrins upon the Degradation of Carbofuran Derivatives under Alkaline Conditions" in the Journal of “Pesticides and Biofertilizers” to show that the cyclodextrins protect the carbamates increasing their half-life time in the presence of basic conditions This will be very helpful to understand carbofuran behaviour in the analytical, agro-environmental and food areas. We greatly appreciated the interaction with the editor and the editorial team; we were particularly well accompanied during the course of the revision process, since all various steps towards publication were short and without delay".
I would like to express my gratitude towards you process of article review and submission. I found this to be very fair and expedient. Your follow up has been excellent. I have many publications in national and international journal and your process has been one of the best so far. Keep up the great work.
We are grateful for this opportunity to provide a glowing recommendation to the Journal of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy. We found that the editorial team were very supportive, helpful, kept us abreast of timelines and over all very professional in nature. The peer review process was rigorous, efficient and constructive that really enhanced our article submission. The experience with this journal remains one of our best ever and we look forward to providing future submissions in the near future.
I am very pleased to serve as EBM of the journal, I hope many years of my experience in stem cells can help the journal from one way or another. As we know, stem cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine, which are mostly used to promote the repair response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives. I think Stem Cell Research and Therapeutics International is a great platform to publish and share the understanding towards the biology and translational or clinical application of stem cells.
I would like to give my testimony in the support I have got by the peer review process and to support the editorial office where they were of asset to support young author like me to be encouraged to publish their work in your respected journal and globalize and share knowledge across the globe. I really give my great gratitude to your journal and the peer review including the editorial office.
I am delighted to publish our manuscript entitled "A Perspective on Cocaine Induced Stroke - Its Mechanisms and Management" in the Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal are excellent. The manuscripts published are of high quality and of excellent scientific value. I recommend this journal very much to colleagues.
Dr.Tania Muñoz, My experience as researcher and author of a review article in The Journal Clinical Cardiology and Interventions has been very enriching and stimulating. The editorial team is excellent, performs its work with absolute responsibility and delivery. They are proactive, dynamic and receptive to all proposals. Supporting at all times the vast universe of authors who choose them as an option for publication. The team of review specialists, members of the editorial board, are brilliant professionals, with remarkable performance in medical research and scientific methodology. Together they form a frontline team that consolidates the JCCI as a magnificent option for the publication and review of high-level medical articles and broad collective interest. I am honored to be able to share my review article and open to receive all your comments.
“The peer review process of JPMHC is quick and effective. Authors are benefited by good and professional reviewers with huge experience in the field of psychology and mental health. The support from the editorial office is very professional. People to contact to are friendly and happy to help and assist any query authors might have. Quality of the Journal is scientific and publishes ground-breaking research on mental health that is useful for other professionals in the field”.
Dear editorial department: On behalf of our team, I hereby certify the reliability and superiority of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews in the peer review process, editorial support, and journal quality. Firstly, the peer review process of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is rigorous, fair, transparent, fast, and of high quality. The editorial department invites experts from relevant fields as anonymous reviewers to review all submitted manuscripts. These experts have rich academic backgrounds and experience, and can accurately evaluate the academic quality, originality, and suitability of manuscripts. The editorial department is committed to ensuring the rigor of the peer review process, while also making every effort to ensure a fast review cycle to meet the needs of authors and the academic community. Secondly, the editorial team of the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is composed of a group of senior scholars and professionals with rich experience and professional knowledge in related fields. The editorial department is committed to assisting authors in improving their manuscripts, ensuring their academic accuracy, clarity, and completeness. Editors actively collaborate with authors, providing useful suggestions and feedback to promote the improvement and development of the manuscript. We believe that the support of the editorial department is one of the key factors in ensuring the quality of the journal. Finally, the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is renowned for its high- quality articles and strict academic standards. The editorial department is committed to publishing innovative and academically valuable research results to promote the development and progress of related fields. The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews is reasonably priced and ensures excellent service and quality ratio, allowing authors to obtain high-level academic publishing opportunities in an affordable manner. I hereby solemnly declare that the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews has a high level of credibility and superiority in terms of peer review process, editorial support, reasonable fees, and journal quality. Sincerely, Rui Tao.
Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions I testity the covering of the peer review process, support from the editorial office, and quality of the journal.
