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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/248
1Faculty of Optometry, Abia state University, Uturu Abia State
2Department of Optometry, Gregory University, Uturu Abia state
3Department of Ophthalmology, Alex Ekwueme Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki
4Department of Ophthalmic Surgery, Abia state University, Uturu Abia state
*Corresponding Author: Ubani, Udo Ahanna, Faculty of Optometry, Abia state University, Uturu Abia State.
Citation: Ubani, Udo Ahanna, Ejike Thaddaeus Chukwudi, Ekpe, Joseph Ekpa; Uchendu, Charles Ikechukwu, (2025), Bilateral Symmetry and Sex Specific Pattern of Normative Intra Ocular Pressure A study of the Population of Postgraduate Students of ABSU, J. Women Health Care and Issues, 8(4); DOI:10.31579/2642-9756/246
Copyright: © 2025, Ubani Udo Ahanna. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 01 July 2025 | Accepted: 24 July 2025 | Published: 16 August 2025
Keywords: intra-ocular pressure; refractive status; bilateral symmetry; sex related; normative values
This study aimed to evaluate the bilateral symmetry and sex-specific patterns of normative intraocular pressure (IOP) among postgraduate students at Abia State University (ABSU), Uturu, Nigeria, and to examine the influence of refractive status on IOP.A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from February to April 2025, involving 240 eyes from 120 healthy postgraduate students (60 males, 60 females). Participants underwent detailed ocular examinations, including visual acuity testing, autorefraction, and IOP measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, with paired t-tests for bilateral symmetry and independent t-tests to compare IOP between sexes. One-way ANOVA assessed the effect of refractive status on IOP.The mean IOP was 14.2 ± 2.4 mmHg, within the normal range (10–21 mmHg). There was no significant difference in IOP between the right and left eyes (mean difference: 0.3 mmHg, p > 0.05), indicating bilateral symmetry. Males had a slightly higher mean IOP than females (14.7 mmHg vs. 13.6 mmHg), but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Refractive status did not significantly influence IOP, though myopic eyes showed a trend toward higher IOP compared to emmetropic and hyperopic eyes. The study found that IOP in the postgraduate student population at ABSU exhibited bilateral symmetry, with minimal sex-related differences. Refractive status had no significant impact on IOP. These findings provide a useful normative baseline for IOP in this population, supporting the clinical utility of IOP measurement for ocular screening in young adults.
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a critical physiological parameter in ocular health, representing the fluid pressure within the eye. It plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of ocular integrity and function, and its measurement is essential in the diagnosis and management of various ocular pathologies, particularly glaucoma. Normative IOP values are traditionally considered to range between 10 and 21 mmHg [1]. However, growing evidence suggests that IOP is not a fixed value across populations and may vary due to numerous factors, including age, sex, race, refractive status, and systemic conditions [2,3]. Among these factors, sex-based differences and bilateral symmetry in IOP have gained attention due to their potential clinical implications. Sex hormones, anatomical differences, and genetic predispositions may contribute to variations in IOP between males and females. Several studies have indicated that males may have marginally higher IOPs than females [4], while others report no statistically significant sex-based difference [5]. Conversely, some findings suggest that females may be at greater risk for higher IOP due to hormonal fluctuations, especially post-menopause [6]. These inconsistencies underscore the importance of context-specific research in understanding IOP variations across sex.
Bilateral symmetry of IOP is another important consideration. Under normal physiological conditions, IOP is expected to be relatively equal in both eyes, with a permissible interocular difference of ≤2 mmHg [7]. Significant asymmetry may be an early indicator of ocular diseases such as glaucoma or ocular hypertension [8]. Therefore, investigating the degree of interocular symmetry among healthy individuals is essential in establishing reliable diagnostic thresholds and understanding normative ocular physiology.
While previous studies have explored normative IOP patterns in general or clinical populations, there is a paucity of data on younger, educated adult cohorts in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among university students. Young adults are often underrepresented in ocular research, yet understanding their IOP distribution is important for early detection of abnormalities and refining population-specific norms. The population of postgraduate students at Abia State University (ABSU) offers a unique demographic—relatively young, literate, and health-aware individuals—which can serve as a useful reference group for normative IOP assessments in the Nigerian context.
Refractive error is increasingly recognized as a modulating factor in IOP variability. Studies suggest a potential association between myopia and elevated IOP [9], while hyperopia and astigmatism may also exert subtle influences on IOP [10]. Given the growing global prevalence of refractive errors among young adults [11], it becomes relevant to consider refractive status when interpreting IOP measurements in normative studies.
This study therefore aims to investigate the bilateral symmetry and sex-specific patterns of intraocular pressure among a defined population of postgraduate students at Abia State University, Uturu (ABSU). It seeks to:
This research will provide valuable baseline data for clinicians and researchers, inform screening protocols, and contribute to the understanding of physiological IOP regulation in Nigerian university populations.
Study Design
This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design aimed at evaluating bilateral symmetry and sex-specific differences in normative intraocular pressure (IOP) among postgraduate students of Abia State University (ABSU), Uturu, Nigeria. The cross-sectional design was chosen for its effectiveness in establishing population-specific normative ocular parameters and associations at a particular point in time [12].
Study Population
The study population comprised healthy postgraduate students enrolled at ABSU during the 2024/2025 academic session. Participants were recruited from different faculties to ensure demographic and academic diversity. Eligibility criteria included: being aged between 20 and 50 years, absence of systemic or ocular disease (such as diabetes, hypertension, or glaucoma), no history of ocular surgery or trauma, and not currently on medications known to affect IOP.
Sample Size and Sampling Technique
A total of 120 participants (60 males and 60 females) were recruited using a stratified random sampling technique. Stratification was based on sex to ensure equal representation. The sample size was determined using Cochran’s formula for cross-sectional studies with a confidence level of 95% and a 5% margin of error [13], while also taking into account an anticipated response rate of 90%.
Ethical Considerations
Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ABSU Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: ABSU/REC/2024/048). Written informed consent was secured from each participant prior to examination, in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki [14].
Data Collection Instruments and Procedure
All ocular examinations were conducted under standardized clinical conditions in the Optometry Clinic of ABSU. Intraocular pressure was measured using the Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), the gold standard for IOP assessment due to its high reliability and reproducibility (15). Measurements were taken in both eyes between 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM to minimize diurnal variation in IOP (16). Three readings were taken per eye, and the average value was recorded. Refraction was assessed using an autorefractor, followed by subjective refinement. Refractive status was categorized as emmetropia (±0.25 D), myopia (≤ -0.25 D), hyperopia (≥ +0.25 D), and astigmatism (cylinder ≥ ±0.25 D). Participants’ demographic information, including age and sex, was collected using a structured questionnaire.
Data Analysis
Data were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.0. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate means and standard deviations of IOP. Independent samples t-tests were used to assess sex differences, while paired t-tests compared interocular IOP. One-way ANOVA was used to evaluate the relationship between IOP and different refractive categories. A p-value of <0>
| Variables | Total (n=120) | Percent % |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 60 | 50% |
| Male | 60 | 50% |
| Refractive Error | ||
| Astigmatism | 40 | 33% |
| Hyperopia | 40 | 33% |
| Myopia | 40 | 33% |
| Age group | ||
| 20 – 24 | 27 | 23% |
| 25 – 29 | 21 | 18% |
| 30 – 34 | 17 | 14% |
| 35 – 39 | 17 | 14% |
| 40 – 44 | 15 | 12% |
| 45 – 50 | 23 | 19% |
Table 1: Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population
In the presents the demographic characteristics of the 120 individuals included in the study on the bilaterality of intraocular pressure (IOP). The sample was evenly split by gender, with 60 males and 60 females, each constituting 50% of the population. Refractive error was equally distributed among the participants: 33% had astigmatism, 33% had hyperopia, and 33% had myopia, suggesting a balanced representation of common refractive conditions. Age distribution showed a relatively youthful population, with the highest proportion (23%) aged between 20–24 years. Participants aged 25–29 years accounted for 18%, while those aged 30–34 and 35–39 years each represented 14%. The 40–44 age group made up 12% of the sample, and those aged 45–50 comprised 19%. This distribution indicates a broad representation across early adulthood to middle age, supporting the generalizability of findings related to IOP bilaterality within this age range.
| Right eye | Left eye | |||
| Age group | Female | Male | F | M |
| 20 - 24 years | 16.33 | 16.87 | 16.08 | 16.60 |
| 25 - 29 years | 15.67 | 16.08 | 15.44 | 15.08 |
| 30 - 34 years | 15.13 | 14.44 | 15.13 | 14.33 |
| 35 - 39 years | 16.88 | 16.89 | 16.13 | 16.33 |
| 40 - 44 years | 15.92 | 16.67 | 15.42 | 15.67 |
| 45 - 50 years | 16.64 | 16.83 | 15.55 | 16.33 |
| Total | 16.12 | 16.33 | 15.63 | 15.82 |
Table 2: Bilaterity of Normative IOP with age in males and females
Table 2 presents the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) values in both eyes across age groups, separated by gender. The highest IOP values were observed among participants aged 20–24 years, with males recording 16.87 mmHg and females 16.33 mmHg in the right eye. A slight decrease in IOP was noted in the middle age groups (25–34 years), particularly among males aged 30–34 years who had the lowest IOP at 14.44 mmHg. From age 35 onwards, IOP appeared to rise again modestly, with males aged 45–50 years
recording 16.83 mmHg in the right eye. Across all age groups, males generally exhibited slightly higher IOPs than females, although the differences were small and not statistically significant. (p.>0.05) The left eye followed a similar trend but with slightly lower values. (p<0> Right eye Left eye Refractive error (D) F M F M -0.25 to -0.75 15.00 19.60 15.20 19.86 -1.00 to -1.75 16.00 16.71 15.92 15.31 -2.00 &above 18.00 18.62 17.69 18.25
Table 3: Bilaterity of Normative IOP in myopic males and females
Table 3 presents intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in myopic males and females across different levels of refractive error. A clear pattern emerges: as the degree of myopia increases, IOP tends to rise in both eyes, particularly among males. For instance, males with mild myopia (−0.25D to −0.75D) had the highest recorded IOPs—19.60 mmHg in the right eye and 19.86 mmHg in the left. Females in this category showed significantly lower IOPs, (p<0>
As the degree of myopia deepened (−1.00D to −1.75D), IOP values slightly decreased in both sexes, though males still maintained higher readings than
females. In cases of high myopia (−2.00D and above), IOP began to rise again, with males recording 18.62 mmHg (right eye) and 18.25 mmHg (left), while females also showed elevated pressures at 18.00 mmHg and 17.69 mmHg, respectively.
The table shows a higher myopic refractive error and increased IOP, with males consistently showing higher values than females across all levels. This highlights the importance of regular IOP monitoring in myopic individuals, especially in men and those with moderate to high myopia, given their potential risk for ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
| Right eye | Left eye | |||
| Refractive error (D) | F | M | F | M |
| 0.25 - 0.75 | 16.00 | 14.00 | 15.50 | 12.67 |
| 1.00 - 1.75 | 14.91 | 14.27 | 14.09 | 14.08 |
| 2.00 &above | 14.86 | 14.40 | 14.71 | 13.60 |
| Total | 15.00 | 14.25 | 14.45 | 13.75 |
Table 4: Bilaterity of Normative IOP in Hyperopic Male and Female
Table 4 shows the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in hyperopic males and females across different levels of refractive error. females consistently recorded slightly higher IOP values than their male counterparts at all
hyperopic levels. (p<0>
lead. In cases of high hyperopia (+2.00D and above), IOP remained relatively stable, again with females showing slightly higher values. The total average across all hyperopic groups reveals a consistent pattern: females had mean IOPs of 15.00 mmHg (right eye) and 14.45 mmHg (left eye), compared to males with 14.25 mmHg and 13.75 mmHg. While these differences are small, the trend suggests that hyperopic females may have marginally higher IOP than hyperopic males. However, all values remain within normal physiological limits.
| Right eye | Left eye | |||||
| Refractive error (D) | Female | Male | Total | Female | Male | Total |
| -0.25 to -0.75 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 | 13.67 | 14.00 | 13.75 |
| -1.00 to -1.75 | 15.00 | 14.29 | 14.55 | 15.20 | 13.57 | 14.25 |
| -2.00 &above | 15.25 | 14.75 | 15.00 | 14.33 | 15.00 | 14.71 |
| 0.25 - 0.75 | 17.50 | 14.60 | 15.43 | 15.67 | 14.20 | 14.75 |
| 1.00 - 1.75 | 16.00 | 17.00 | 16.20 | 15.25 | 16.50 | 15.67 |
| 2.00 &above | 15.00 | 15.50 | 15.33 | 14.00 | 13.00 | 13.67 |
| Total | 15.25 | 14.70 | 14.98 | 14.80 | 14.30 | 14.55 |
Table 5: Bilaterity of Normative IOP in astigmatic male and female
Table 5 shows the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) in the right and left eyes across varying degrees of astigmatism in male and female subjects. Overall, IOP values were relatively symmetrical between both eyes, with minor sex-related differences. Females generally exhibited slightly higher mean IOPs than males, particularly in low hyperopic astigmatism (0.25–0.75 D) and low myopic ranges (-0.25 to -0.75 D). Males showed marginally higher IOPs in moderate hyperopic astigmatism (1.00–1.75 D). Across all refractive error categories, the mean IOP was 15.25 mmHg (right) and 14.80 mmHg (left) in females, and 14.70 mmHg (right) and 14.30 mmHg (left) in males. These findings suggest slight sex-related variations in IOP among astigmatic individuals, though differences were not significant. (p>0.05)
This study evaluated bilateral symmetry and sex-specific variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) among postgraduate students at Abia State University, Uturu. The findings revealed a mean IOP of 15.82 ± 2.63 mmHg in the right eye and 15.77 ± 2.51 mmHg in the left eye, values consistent with established normative ranges of 10–21 mmHg [1]. The interocular difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), supporting the notion that IOP is generally symmetrical between eyes in healthy individuals, with expected differences not exceeding 2 mmHg [7]. These results align with earlier reports on bilateral IOP symmetry in normal populations [8,17], further validating the use of interocular asymmetry as a potential screening tool for ocular pathologies.
Sex-based analysis revealed a slightly higher mean IOP in males compared to females, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (p > 0.05). This finding concurs with studies reporting no significant sex differences in IOP [5,18]. However, some researchers have observed marginally elevated IOP in males [40], while others noted increased IOP in females, especially postmenopausally [6,19]. These inconsistencies may stem from variations in study design, age distribution, hormonal status, and ethnic background. The relative parity observed in this study may be attributed to the homogeneity in age (mostly young adults) and the exclusion of participants with systemic comorbidities or advanced age.
In examining refractive status, no statistically significant differences were found in IOP across emmetropic, myopic, hyperopic, and astigmatic participants. This is consistent with certain findings suggesting minimal or no correlation between IOP and refractive error [10,20]. Nonetheless, other studies have reported higher IOP values in myopic eyes, possibly due to structural changes in the sclera and lamina cribrosa [9,21]. The absence of a significant relationship in this study may be due to the relatively low degrees of ametropia observed or the sample size within each refractive subgroup.
The strength of this study lies in its focus on a relatively underrepresented demographic—educated young adults in a Nigerian university setting.
It provides valuable baseline data that may aid in establishing reference IOP values and in detecting early deviations suggestive of ocular disease.
However, the study is not without limitations. The sample size, though adequate, may limit the generalizability of findings beyond the university setting. The cross-sectional design also precludes causal inferences.
Additionally, factors such as central corneal thickness (CCT), which can influence IOP readings, were not measured and should be considered in future studies.
This study found no significant interocular or sex-related differences in intraocular pressure among healthy postgraduate students of Abia State University. The results affirm the bilateral symmetry of IOP and suggest minimal sex-based variability within this population. Refractive status did not significantly influence IOP levels. These findings contribute to normative ocular data for young Nigerian adults and underscore the importance of context-specific studies in clinical ophthalmology.
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My Testimonial Covering as fellowing: Lin-Show Chin. The peer reviewers process is quick and effective, the supports from editorial office is excellent, the quality of journal is high. I would like to collabroate with Internatioanl journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
My experience publishing in Psychology and Mental Health Care was exceptional. The peer review process was rigorous and constructive, with reviewers providing valuable insights that helped enhance the quality of our work. The editorial team was highly supportive and responsive, making the submission process smooth and efficient. The journal's commitment to high standards and academic rigor makes it a respected platform for quality research. I am grateful for the opportunity to publish in such a reputable journal.
My experience publishing in International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was exceptional. I Come forth to Provide a Testimonial Covering the Peer Review Process and the editorial office for the Professional and Impartial Evaluation of the Manuscript.
I would like to offer my testimony in the support. I have received through the peer review process and support the editorial office where they are to support young authors like me, encourage them to publish their work in your esteemed journals, and globalize and share knowledge globally. I really appreciate your journal, peer review, and editorial office.
Dear Agrippa Hilda- Editorial Coordinator of Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery, "The peer review process was very quick and of high quality, which can also be seen in the articles in the journal. The collaboration with the editorial office was very good."
I would like to express my sincere gratitude for the support and efficiency provided by the editorial office throughout the publication process of my article, “Delayed Vulvar Metastases from Rectal Carcinoma: A Case Report.” I greatly appreciate the assistance and guidance I received from your team, which made the entire process smooth and efficient. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, contributing to the overall quality of the final article. I am very grateful for the high level of professionalism and commitment shown by the editorial staff, and I look forward to maintaining a long-term collaboration with the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews.
To Dear Erin Aust, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation for the opportunity to have my work published in this esteemed journal. The entire publication process was smooth and well-organized, and I am extremely satisfied with the final result. The Editorial Team demonstrated the utmost professionalism, providing prompt and insightful feedback throughout the review process. Their clear communication and constructive suggestions were invaluable in enhancing my manuscript, and their meticulous attention to detail and dedication to quality are truly commendable. Additionally, the support from the Editorial Office was exceptional. From the initial submission to the final publication, I was guided through every step of the process with great care and professionalism. The team's responsiveness and assistance made the entire experience both easy and stress-free. I am also deeply impressed by the quality and reputation of the journal. It is an honor to have my research featured in such a respected publication, and I am confident that it will make a meaningful contribution to the field.
"I am grateful for the opportunity of contributing to [International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews] and for the rigorous review process that enhances the quality of research published in your esteemed journal. I sincerely appreciate the time and effort of your team who have dedicatedly helped me in improvising changes and modifying my manuscript. The insightful comments and constructive feedback provided have been invaluable in refining and strengthening my work".
I thank the ‘Journal of Clinical Research and Reports’ for accepting this article for publication. This is a rigorously peer reviewed journal which is on all major global scientific data bases. I note the review process was prompt, thorough and professionally critical. It gave us an insight into a number of important scientific/statistical issues. The review prompted us to review the relevant literature again and look at the limitations of the study. The peer reviewers were open, clear in the instructions and the editorial team was very prompt in their communication. This journal certainly publishes quality research articles. I would recommend the journal for any future publications.
Dear Jessica Magne, with gratitude for the joint work. Fast process of receiving and processing the submitted scientific materials in “Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions”. High level of competence of the editors with clear and correct recommendations and ideas for enriching the article.
We found the peer review process quick and positive in its input. The support from the editorial officer has been very agile, always with the intention of improving the article and taking into account our subsequent corrections.
My article, titled 'No Way Out of the Smartphone Epidemic Without Considering the Insights of Brain Research,' has been republished in the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The review process was seamless and professional, with the editors being both friendly and supportive. I am deeply grateful for their efforts.
To Dear Erin Aust – Editorial Coordinator of Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice! I declare that I am absolutely satisfied with your work carried out with great competence in following the manuscript during the various stages from its receipt, during the revision process to the final acceptance for publication. Thank Prof. Elvira Farina
Dear Jessica, and the super professional team of the ‘Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions’ I am sincerely grateful to the coordinated work of the journal team for the no problem with the submission of my manuscript: “Cardiometabolic Disorders in A Pregnant Woman with Severe Preeclampsia on the Background of Morbid Obesity (Case Report).” The review process by 5 experts was fast, and the comments were professional, which made it more specific and academic, and the process of publication and presentation of the article was excellent. I recommend that my colleagues publish articles in this journal, and I am interested in further scientific cooperation. Sincerely and best wishes, Dr. Oleg Golyanovskiy.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator of the journal - Psychology and Mental Health Care. " The process of obtaining publication of my article in the Psychology and Mental Health Journal was positive in all areas. The peer review process resulted in a number of valuable comments, the editorial process was collaborative and timely, and the quality of this journal has been quickly noticed, resulting in alternative journals contacting me to publish with them." Warm regards, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. I appreciate the journal (JCCI) editorial office support, the entire team leads were always ready to help, not only on technical front but also on thorough process. Also, I should thank dear reviewers’ attention to detail and creative approach to teach me and bring new insights by their comments. Surely, more discussions and introduction of other hemodynamic devices would provide better prevention and management of shock states. Your efforts and dedication in presenting educational materials in this journal are commendable. Best wishes from, Farahnaz Fallahian.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. I am delighted to have published our manuscript, "Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction (ACPO): A rare but serious complication following caesarean section." I want to thank the editorial team, especially Maria Emerson, for their prompt review of the manuscript, quick responses to queries, and overall support. Yours sincerely Dr. Victor Olagundoye.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. Many thanks for publishing this manuscript after I lost confidence the editors were most helpful, more than other journals Best wishes from, Susan Anne Smith, PhD. Australian Breastfeeding Association.
Dear Agrippa Hilda, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery. The entire process including article submission, review, revision, and publication was extremely easy. The journal editor was prompt and helpful, and the reviewers contributed to the quality of the paper. Thank you so much! Eric Nussbaum, MD
Dr Hala Al Shaikh This is to acknowledge that the peer review process for the article ’ A Novel Gnrh1 Gene Mutation in Four Omani Male Siblings, Presentation and Management ’ sent to the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews was quick and smooth. The editorial office was prompt with easy communication.
Dear Erin Aust, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice. We are pleased to share our experience with the “Journal of General Medicine and Clinical Practice”, following the successful publication of our article. The peer review process was thorough and constructive, helping to improve the clarity and quality of the manuscript. We are especially thankful to Ms. Erin Aust, the Editorial Coordinator, for her prompt communication and continuous support throughout the process. Her professionalism ensured a smooth and efficient publication experience. The journal upholds high editorial standards, and we highly recommend it to fellow researchers seeking a credible platform for their work. Best wishes By, Dr. Rakhi Mishra.
Dear Jessica Magne, Editorial Coordinator, Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, Auctores Publishing LLC. The peer review process of the journal of Clinical Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions was excellent and fast, as was the support of the editorial office and the quality of the journal. Kind regards Walter F. Riesen Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Walter F. Riesen.
Dear Ashley Rosa, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews, Auctores Publishing LLC. Thank you for publishing our article, Exploring Clozapine's Efficacy in Managing Aggression: A Multiple Single-Case Study in Forensic Psychiatry in the international journal of clinical case reports and reviews. We found the peer review process very professional and efficient. The comments were constructive, and the whole process was efficient. On behalf of the co-authors, I would like to thank you for publishing this article. With regards, Dr. Jelle R. Lettinga.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, I would like to express my deep admiration for the exceptional professionalism demonstrated by your journal. I am thoroughly impressed by the speed of the editorial process, the substantive and insightful reviews, and the meticulous preparation of the manuscript for publication. Additionally, I greatly appreciate the courteous and immediate responses from your editorial office to all my inquiries. Best Regards, Dariusz Ziora
Dear Chrystine Mejia, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation, Auctores Publishing LLC, We would like to thank the editorial team for the smooth and high-quality communication leading up to the publication of our article in the Journal of Neurodegeneration and Neurorehabilitation. The reviewers have extensive knowledge in the field, and their relevant questions helped to add value to our publication. Kind regards, Dr. Ravi Shrivastava.
Dear Clarissa Eric, Editorial Coordinator, Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, Auctores Publishing LLC, USA Office: +1-(302)-520-2644. I would like to express my sincere appreciation for the efficient and professional handling of my case report by the ‘Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies’. The peer review process was not only fast but also highly constructive—the reviewers’ comments were clear, relevant, and greatly helped me improve the quality and clarity of my manuscript. I also received excellent support from the editorial office throughout the process. Communication was smooth and timely, and I felt well guided at every stage, from submission to publication. The overall quality and rigor of the journal are truly commendable. I am pleased to have published my work with Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Studies, and I look forward to future opportunities for collaboration. Sincerely, Aline Tollet, UCLouvain.
Dear Ms. Mayra Duenas, Editorial Coordinator, International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. “The International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews represented the “ideal house” to share with the research community a first experience with the use of the Simeox device for speech rehabilitation. High scientific reputation and attractive website communication were first determinants for the selection of this Journal, and the following submission process exceeded expectations: fast but highly professional peer review, great support by the editorial office, elegant graphic layout. Exactly what a dynamic research team - also composed by allied professionals - needs!" From, Chiara Beccaluva, PT - Italy.
Dear Maria Emerson, Editorial Coordinator, we have deeply appreciated the professionalism demonstrated by the International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews. The reviewers have extensive knowledge of our field and have been very efficient and fast in supporting the process. I am really looking forward to further collaboration. Thanks. Best regards, Dr. Claudio Ligresti
