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Research Article | DOI: https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/184
1 Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
2 Department of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
3 MLS ministry of health, Alexandria, Egypt. - MLS ASCP, USA.
4 Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (South) Ministry of Agriculture, Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Fudan-SJTU-Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
5 Department of Pathology, Bay State Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States.
*Corresponding Author: Tamer A. Addissouky, Al-HADI University College, Baghdad. Iraq. - Department of Biochemistry, Science Faculty, Menoufia University, Egypt. - MLS ministry of health, Alexandria, Egypt. - MLS, ASCP, USA.
Citation: Tamer A. Addissouky., Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed., Majeed M. A. Ali., Yuliang Wang., and Ahmed A. Khalil, (2024), Evolving Techniques for Cervical Cancer Screening and Diagnosis, J. Women Health Care and Issues. 7(2); DOI:10.31579/2642-9756/184
Copyright: © 2024, Tamer A. Addissouky. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received: 12 January 2024 | Accepted: 16 February 2024 | Published: 28 February 2024
Keywords: family planning; contraception; reproductive health; maternal health; telemedicine; health education
Background: Expanding access to voluntary family planning supports reproductive autonomy and improves public health outcomes globally. Over 200 million women have an unmet need for modern contraception. Meeting this need could prevent over 30% of maternal deaths and 10% of child mortality.
Purpose: This paper reviews recent developments in contraceptive methods and evidence-based strategies for improving access, quality, and utilization of family planning services to empower reproductive choice.
Main body: Advances in combined oral contraceptives, injectables, intrauterine devices, implants, and novel delivery systems like vaginal rings have expanded options for fertility regulation. Task-shifting service delivery to community health workers, integrating family planning into immunization and postpartum care platforms, eliminating user fees, and utilizing mobile outreach improve contraceptive access and uptake. Quality youth-friendly services, comprehensive patient counseling and education, addressing discontinuation, and adherence interventions also facilitate effective contraceptive use. Meanwhile, digital health innovations create opportunities to advance access through telehealth, supply chain analytics, computer modeling, and artificial intelligence-supported programming.
Conclusion: Increasing investment in family planning research, quality improvement initiatives, policy reforms, public education programs, and thoughtfully designed technological solutions can help fulfill worldwide unmet need for contraception to further reproductive autonomy and health.
Voluntary family planning is a vital health and development priority globally, enabling individuals to achieve their desired family size and spacing of births. An estimated 214 million women in developing regions have an unmet need for modern contraception, facing barriers to access due to limited choices, distance, costs, and social opposition. Fulfilling this unmet need could prevent over 30% of maternal deaths and 10% of child mortality through increased birth spacing [1]. At the same time, the field of contraceptive technology continues to rapidly evolve, with new methods expanding options for women and men. Recent decades have brought introductions of lower-dose oral contraceptives, new long-acting reversible contraceptives like implants and intrauterine devices, and novel delivery systems like transdermal patches and vaginal rings. Meanwhile, research aims to develop improved reversible methods for men, who currently have only condoms and withdrawal available for fertility regulation. This continuous progress in the contraceptive method mix has dramatically expanded the choices available to meet diverse reproductive health needs and goals [2]. Realizing the benefits of these innovations globally requires focused efforts to improve access and quality of family planning services, especially among disadvantaged populations. This involves addressing barriers around awareness, provider skills, geographic distance, costs, restrictions, and gender norms that deter contraceptive use. Implementation of evidence-based strategies to increase access—like task-sharing with community health workers, integrating family planning into other health services, and mobile outreach delivery—has significantly expanded utilization in regions with the greatest needs [3]. At the same time, digital health technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to transform service quality and monitoring of family planning programs. SMS reminders, fertility tracking apps, telehealth platforms, supply chain analytics, and machine learning modeling are being harnessed to individualize care, strengthen health systems, guide policies, and improve reproductive empowerment [4-5]. This review analyzes recent developments in methods, evidence-based delivery models, digital health integration, and policies to provide a comprehensive update. It uniquely emphasizes patient-centered, rights-based care quality alongside new technologies to equip comprehensive, ethical family planning programs benefiting underserved populations. By spotlighting promising directions across research, services, and policy.
II. Recent developments in contraceptive methods
Modern contraceptive methods provide individuals and couples greater options to plan their families and avoid unintended pregnancy as depicted in table 1. In recent decades, the contraceptive landscape has rapidly evolved with the introduction of new formulations, delivery systems and modes of action. Researchers continue efforts to expand the method mix, particularly developing new reversible options for men that are safe, effective, and acceptable to meet diverse reproductive needs and preferences [6-9]. Hormonal contraceptives remain among the most effective reversible options for women. Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing estrogen and progestin work primarily by suppressing ovulation. With perfect use, COCs have a first-year failure rate around 0.3%, but typical use is associated with a 9
- COCs - Combined oral contraceptives
- POPs - Progestin-only pills
- LARCs - Long-acting reversible contraceptives
- IUDs - Intrauterine devices
- CHWs - Community health workers
- CDC - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- WHO - World Health Organization
- SDGs - Sustainable Development Goals
- GDP - Gross domestic product
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
all data are available and sharing is available as well as publication.
The authors hereby that they have no competing interests.
Corresponding author supplied all study materials. There was no further funding for this study.
The authors completed the study protocol and were the primary organizers of data collection and the manuscript's draft and revision process. Tamer A. Addissouky wrote the article and ensured its accuracy. All authors contributed to the discussion, assisted in designing the study and protocol and engaged in critical discussions of the draft manuscript. Lastly, the authors reviewed and confirmed the final version of the manuscript.
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