Invent a Removable Orthosis with the Ability to Prevent Foot Drop and Venous Thrombosis and Maintain Muscle Contraction

Invent a Removable Orthosis with the Ability to Prevent Foot Drop and Venous Thrombosis and Maintain Muscle Contraction. Intensive care includes the care of patients with life-threatening diseases, under the supervision of the most skilled personnel with advanced equipment and facilities, which includes all sensitive care related to the patient’s life. Complications of hospitalization in special wards include foot drop, deep vein thrombosis and atrophy, and decreased muscle strength. The aim of this study is working on approaches for preventing Foot drop, deep vein thrombosis and atrophy and decreased muscle strength. Methods: This project started with a new researcher idea then by searching in the scientific content of articles and book, the title and proposal the project was compiled with opinion of the supervisor. Then model of the device was designed in collaboration with graphic & mechanical engineers Fianccy. The main tool was invented by the researchers. Results: Results of this study and other surveys can be one of the most effective ways to prevent ankle foot drop, deformity of the toes, muscle atrophy, improve blood flow from the lower to the upper and monitor vital signs and maintain the strength of the foot muscles. Also using orothesis can decrease it significantly. Besides, modifying the preventive policies such as producing instruments like Removable orthosis is recommended.


Introduction
From the perspective of the World Health Organization (WHO), health is the science and technology of disease prevention, providing medical services for immediate diagnosis, treatment and development to address problems. Safety is one of the most important aspects of health care systems [1]. Increasing the quality of work, consequently, increases the accuracy and improvement of the treatment process, the speed of the treatment process and also patient satisfaction [2]. Intensive care includes taking care of patients with life-threatening diseases, under the supervision of the most skilled personal, with advanced equipment and facilities, which includes all sensitive care related to the patient's life [3,4]. A significant part of the treatment system's effort is focused on being able to provide the best services to its patients in the shortest time and at the lowest cost. Intensive care units (ICUs) have an important place due to the high human and economic costs that they can incur for the health care system [5,6].
Patients with problems such as diabetic ketoacidosis, hypertensive emergency, non-accidental self-poisoning, heart failure, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease and respiratory conditions can be mentioned [7][8][9]. Numerous studies have been performed to identify the increasing mortality factors of patients admitted to the ICU. Infectious shock, age, smoking and nosocomial infections are among the factors that increase mortality in ICU wards [10,11]. A comprehensive study of UK hospitals showed that the mortality rate of patients admitted to ICU wards is about 20.6% [12] and that of Singapore public hospitals is 9.4% [13]. Complications of hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit include foot drop, deep vein thrombosis [14], muscle atrophy [15] and so on. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis(DVT) and pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE), is a public health problem that results in 250000 hospitalizations per year in the United States [16,17]. On the other hand, one hundred to fifty thousand people are hospitalized every year due to a benign and treatable disease, but die due to pulmonary embolism, while with prevention, the death of these patients can be prevented [18].
Risk factors for this disease are immobility, cancers, myocardial infarction, respiratory failure, surgery, trauma, obesity, use of female hormones and inherited coagulation disorders [19]. Another complication of hospitalization is "foot drop". Foot drop or foot prolapse is a condition in which a person is unable to perform the dorsiflexion joint function properly due to weakness or paralysis of the anterior tibialis muscle or other muscles originating in the peroneal nerve. Foot drop can be unilateral or bilateral. Symptoms such as pain, weakness, and numbness are sometimes seen with this complication [20]. Diagnosis of this complication is easily possible by physical examination, but the use of imaging techniques and electromyography can also help to examine this complication more closely [21]. Today, there are various treatments to control foot drop, which considering the cause of this complication, the appropriate treatment method is adopted. Among the available treatments for prevention and correction of foot drop, physiotherapy, electrical stimulation and teaching the most common treatments using ankle foot orthosis [22].
Other complications of hospitalization in the intensive care unit include muscle atrophy [15], bed sores, etc. At present, according to the subject and results of research, one of the ways to prevent and reduce complications in hospital wards is to produce and use a mobile orthosis with the ability to prevent foot prolapse and venous thrombosis and maintain muscle contraction. In the following, we will talk about its structure. This idea has been registered in the Patent Organization of Iran under invention number 103769.

Methods
This project started with a new researcher idea Then by searching in the scientific content of articles and book, the title and   This mobile orthosis with the ability to prevent foot drop and keep the function of vain valve and assessing the vital signs is composed of (mechanical lock: 3×2cm, body: 40 cm length , pulse sensor: 0.5× 0.5 cm, pulse oximeter sensor: 0.5× 1 cm, inflatable inner layer R: 12cm, outer layer R: 15cm, electrical message transmitter leads: R: 1cm, insole: 25cm, removale hinge R: 2cm, connector between inner laye and air pump R:2cm. Orthosis is made up of upper and lower sections which after right locating(positioning) of foot in it, two sections will be connected to each other by mechanical lock (according to Figure 1, number 2). for motion of foot in its rang of motion (ROM), first removable hinge(according to Figure 7, number 11) is connected to monitor screen which is seprated from orthosis by a wire. all normative motion for foot's motion(foot's dorsal flexion, foot's sole flexion,invertion , overtion) will be done by a program which is designed on screen and by choosing each motion, message will be transferred to removable hing(according to Figure 2, number 11) by a wire and by moving the orthosis, the foot moves in the desired direction and according to instruction given to program , the foot remains at desired posture for specified period of time (5s) and returns to its initial posture again.

Results
Results of this study and other surveys can be one of the most effective ways to prevent prevent ankle foot drop, deformity of the toes, muscle atrophy, improve blood flow from the lower to the upper and monitor vital signs and maintain the strength of the foot muscles. Also using orothesis can decrease it significantly. Besides, modifying the preventive policies such as producing instruments like Removable orthosis is recommended. We are ready to work with all institutions and individuals in the fields of economics, education, research and health and startups for this idea. If you wish, please contact us via masoudmahmoudi515@ymail.com email.