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Review Article | DOI: https://doi.org/
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Copyright: © Halidullin O. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of The Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Received: 30 November -0001 | Accepted: 27 December 2018 | Published: 03 January 2019
Keywords: Keywords
Abstract
Millions of years formed a water circuit between the atmosphere and soil, built a dynamic equilibrium. A certain amount of evaporation from the earth created such a mechanism of atmospheric phenomena, which sent water to the specified places of the planet by clouds. So various arid zones were formed - steppes, deserts, tropics, forests.
Civilization turned water into a working reagent. Water has become the main active body in many industrial and municipal processes - a carrier of heat, energy, means of cooling, quenching, washing, washing, wet cleaning.
All direct evaporation from these processes and evaporation after the sewage of used water is unnatural, let's call them artificial. The natural path of water is its movement and transformation in food chains in the soil and on the soil through biota - microbes, worms, plants, animals. In each of them, water undergoes numerous transformations, and in the form of exhalation, transpiration, juices and other secretions, it again turns into a vaporous state. All these organic fumes are combined in the atmosphere, and create their own, unique mechanism for the formation of clouds, which was improved to the development of the industry. We have destroyed more than 60% of this idyll - the soil and the living creatures living on it with plants, creating arable land, reservoirs, landfills, asphalt, concrete.
The volume and speed of artificial evaporation, and with it the water circulation increase with increasing acceleration in accordance with the growth of the planet's population, the development of technology, the destruction of biota. If technologies can develop and improve infinitely, then water resources are calculated, have a limit and fit their critical value. Quantity goes into new quality. Artificial evaporation has become competitive organic in quality, volume and turnover rate. The mechanism of the formation of atmospheric phenomena broke. Megatons of water of the new formation began to be shed by precipitation not in a given quality, not in places specified by nature, not in specified volumes, not at a specified time, but according to other laws and rules unknown to nature. That is why in some places of precipitation excess with floods, in others - drought and fires. Arid zones are crumbling, species of plants and animals disappear, the level of the oceans rises - the water does not reach the polar and mountain glaciers in clouds, falling along the way. Glaciers are not replenished - the everlasting process of transformation, storage and renewal of water is being destroyed. Glaciers are disappearing, the planet is changing.
All the efforts of mankind, directed by the Paris Agreements, lead to a catastrophe, because it is not carbon that affects the atmosphere, but evaporation. Spending huge funds on microscopic impact - reducing CO2 emissions, we do not pay attention to the main source of natural disasters, the main component of the water cycle, its quality and its volume.
According to UN experts, [1], “the increase in CO2 emissions ranged from 0.5 to 5% per year. As a result, over the past hundred years, 400 billion tons of carbon dioxide has just entered the atmosphere due to the burning of fuel. ” Average over a hundred years - 4 billion tons per year.
According to [2], annually mankind extracts up to 20 thousand cubic kilometers of groundwater for its needs. Plus, according to [3], people irrevocably take away about 2 thousand cubic kilometers of fresh water from rivers and lakes. Annually. Almost all of this water is extracted from natural circulation, is used in agriculture, industry, utilities, and through sewage and evaporation goes into the atmosphere without organic changes. 22,000 cu. kilometers is 22 trillion cubic meters. meters or tons of water. In the composition of the fumes, the emission of 4 billion tons of CO2 is just 0.018% - an imperceptible drop. Can this drop, which is 5,500 times less than artificial evaporation alone, influence something? The ratio can be safely doubled by adding organic evaporation, with the remaining half of the land in its natural state.
The basis of the Paris Agreement is to reduce the burning of all types of fuel and the transition to alternative energy sources. Among these sources are hydroelectric power. For example, in China, according to [4], 500 billion yuan will be spent on hydropower. Hydropower - it is a hydroelectric power station with raising the water level by blocking rivers. The most powerful Three Gorges HPP in the world is being completed, followed by several other projects. Thousands of hectares of fertile land are flooded by reservoirs. New hydropower plants are planned in many other countries. For example, Rogun in Tajikistan. This is a new artificial vapor. Reducing CO2 emissions by thousandths of a percent, we increase artificial emissions by tens of percent and reduce organic evaporation
We plowed up even larger areas — 9% of all land — by deep plowing: [5]. Water precipitation falling on arable land does not find underground natural inhabitants and immediately goes back to the atmosphere.
We fill up large territories with garbage and dumps of the mining industry. Under the multimeter layers of such dumps, underground life is dying out, organic evaporation disappears.
The world forest area has decreased to 30%. Trees evaporate purely organic fumes. A hectare of forest near Moscow evaporates through leaves up to 44 tons of water over the summer. This means that from the soil plants absorb moisture much more. In total, the plants of the planet for a year absorb 650 trillion (supposed tons) of water, and champions - tropical forests - [6]. Obviously, the calculation was made without taking into account the separation of organic and artificial evaporation. But even so, 22 trillion tons of artificial evaporation is already commensurate with a volume of 650 trillion tons.
In total, more than 3 billion hectares of land are subject to desertification in the world - [7] - 30 million km2 or 20% of the total land area - 149 million km2. According to other sources - 63%. In any case, anthropogenic desertification began to occupy a prominent area in the composition of the land and continues to grow.
Considering information on the quality and structure of water at the molecular level, according to numerous studies, it can be noted that its structure varies from different types of effects - these are man-made processes associated with water - pumps, turbines, pipelines, heating, chemical, physical and any other effects change its natural structure. This fact gives rise to another additional assumption that water is transferred to clouds with a distorted molecular structure. The volumes of such waters can be easily imagined by summing up what passes through the blades of turbines of hydroelectric power stations all over the world, all water moving in pipelines, waters distorted by cavitation of a multitude of mechanisms, evaporators, coolers, and propellers of ships of the whole world. All these waters cover the surface of the septic tanks, rivers, seas and oceans, from which evaporation goes to the sky.
We change the structure of water molecules that are in the composition of the air. Millions of heaters, furnaces, internal combustion engines, compressors, aircraft turbines, the masses of other mechanisms around the world suck in, heat and burn air. The composition of this air is moisture in a small relative volume, but its total amount is enough to notice. The moisture of the air does not burn, does not disappear, but evaporates, distorts its structure and returns to the atmosphere with exhaust gases. It should be noted here that many experts consider this exhaust gas to be the main source of CO2, not paying attention to the moisture of the air being burned.
Thus, molecular distortions of fairly bulky waters are combined with artificial evaporation in the clouds and add their contribution to the mechanisms of atmospheric phenomena.
Numerous discussions on global forums and conferences have led to an agreed conclusion that climate change is affected by an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and has come to the right decisions on:
Fighting e for reducing CO2 emissions,
Developing green technologies,
Creating alternative energy,
Spreading organic farming,
Recycling water,
Rehabilitating waste dumps and deserts,
Restoring forest cover.
With all the desire, with the widespread use of these elements on the climate. It is necessary for nature to return all ruined, soil, biota and restore the historical water circulation.
It is strategically necessary to develop a new global concept, rethinking the whole population of the planet the essence of the destruction of natural processes. In order to preserve the habitat for our descendants, it is already necessary to begin the restoration of natural evaporation - the basis of the universe. To the measures listed above, cardinal additions are necessary:
Immediately stop all projects and work on the construction of hydroelectric power stations with the accumulation of water in reservoirs, all work on river turns and the construction of canals. To begin the gradual replacement of hydroelectric power stations with a dam-free and alternative energy and the drainage of all artificial water areas. The bottom of all the flooded areas can still be returned to its legitimate inhabitants. The task of Transboundary Rivers is also solved at the same time.
The largest consumer of water is agriculture, especially irrigation and watering, especially the cultivation of rice and cotton. Here new technologies are needed with a reduction in the product itself and the consumption of water for their cultivation. Shallow plowing of fields and drip irrigation have long been known, but poorly realized.
Considerable areas are flooded with catastrophic floods. Urgent measures are needed to deepen the river bottom as a means of preventing flooding.
Total cost saving is required. Reduction of washing all that is washed and dried. There are and it is necessary to develop new methods of dry cleaning of everything and everything, for example, cars, cleaning the surface of roads without water. Such technologies are known.
All the buildings and structures in the world are concrete and artificial roofs and walls are the neglect of nature. It is urgent that all roofs and walls begin to be used for growing plants. For example, [8]. It is even better to create a new direction - to grow agricultural products on them. The construction of new buildings and structures to begin only taking into account precisely this strategy. It is even better and more rational to place everything new under the ground. A gradual transition to underground and underwater construction, starting with the development of ores, enrichment, smelting, and the production of the finished product — all this can be done underground, in worked-out spaces. If these are metals, then finished metal rolling is carried to the surface. If it is oil, only fuel is discharged. If it is uranium, only electricity is transmitted. All types of production must be located underground. And then everything else, right down to housing. There are many shopping areas and subways in many large cities. There are real projects of underwater and underground cities. So Japan is already building an underwater city: [9]. There are underground greenhouses, where all greens are grown all year round.
Of course, all this is not done all at once, immediately. But on a reasonable scale, humanity must gradually come to this, if it is concerned about the extension of the life of its descendants on the planet.
Governments at forums and conferences discuss individual, private elements and means of environmental protection. They make commitments and promise to reduce or reduce fuel combustion — a reduction in CO2. And they themselves are building new hydroelectric stations with the flooding of vast areas, turning rivers, developing new mines and filling up new areas with dumps and dumps and building more and more new cities and roads.
Research and evidence of the proposed hypothesis can be the basis of a number of scientific discoveries. It is necessary to urgently consolidate world science in a new direction.
The scientific proof of this hypothesis is quite simple, but with the enthusiasm of one person this cannot be done. We need supporters and specialists who would have sufficient experience, qualifications and means.
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